New data indicate that research and development performed in the United States totaled $495.1 billion in 2015. The estimated total for 2016, based on performer-reported expectations, is $510.0 billion. These numbers compare to U.S. R&D totals of $454.0 billion in 2013 and $475.4 billion in 2014. In 2008-just before the onset of the main economic effects of the national and international financial crisis and the Great Recession-the U.S. total was $404.8 billion. Data are from the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, National Science Foundation.
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