Friday, February 2, 2018

Lab notes: So long and thanks for all the fish?

Lab Notes

Lab notes: So long and thanks for all the fish?

Today: counting to three. Tomorrow: killer whale call centres.
Today: counting to two. Tomorrow: killer whale call centres. Photograph: Alamy Stock Photo

Tash Reith-Banks


This week's biggest stories

Orcas talk! Well, one has, anyway: a study involving a killer whale called Wikie has revealed that orcas can imitate human speech. Researchers have shown that killer whales able to copy words such as "hello", "one, two" and 'bye bye' as well as sounds from other orcas. A great leap for our species, however, is the news that doctors in Newcastle have selected the first patients to undergo treatment which will result in 'three-person babies'. Both women chosen for the radical therapy carry mutations that cause rare and devastating genetic disease. Another promising advance is the creation of a nasal spray filled soluble nanoparticles of natural painkiller, which could replace addictive opioids. After a successful lab trial, the team are now fundraising for human clinical trials. And finally, two pieces of archaeological excellence. Firstly, a beautiful 1,300-year-old Anglo-Saxon gold and garnet cross – found, intriguingly, on the body of a teenager buried in her own bed – has been given to a Cambridge museum. Secondly (and, indeed, finally) archaeologists believe they may have found a campsite that was home to the architects of Stonehenge.

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Spacetalk

Planet Earth is blue, but Pesquet believes there is something we can do ... I know, I'll stop.
Planet Earth is blue, but Pesquet believes there is something we can do ... I know, I'll stop. Photograph: AFP/Getty Images

Wildly popular French astronaut Thomas Pesquet has issued a plea for better co-operation between nations. His six month stint on the International Space Station brought a fresh realisation of the fragility of the Earth. As he so wisely says: "The Earth is actually just a big spaceship, with a very, very big crew. It really has to travel sensibly, be maintained and looked after properly, or its voyage is going to come to an end."

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Straight from the lab – top picks from our experts on the blog network

Hydrozoans, which it seems decorator crabs use as 'fishing hooks'.
Hydrozoans, which it seems decorator crabs use as 'fishing hooks'. Photograph: Joan J Soto Angel

Gone fishin': decorator crabs use other species as fishing rods, study reveals | Notes & Theories

Every night as the sun goes down, on the coral reefs of the Red Sea small, delicate and slightly fuzzy-looking crabs work their way through the maze of coral. They take up stations atop the corals' outermost structures, exposing themselves to the current in the plankton-rich waters. These are decorator crabs, of the genus Achaeus, known for their peculiar habit of covering themselves with an array of invertebrates, including delicate hydrozoans: multi-headed creatures with tiny tentacled polyps that feed on plankton.

Cultural taboos around food are powerful – could vegans change ours? | The Past and the Curious

British anthropologist Edmund Leach described how humans make categories of things in order to create social logic. Although the animal species around us form a continuum (of which we, Homo sapiens, are a part), we name, categorise, and then treat those animals differently according to seperate logic that applies to each category. Where the distinctions are unclear, or transgressed, they're troubling and become taboo. English people (Leach's example from his 1964 paper) have a binary of edible-inedible. But also a tripartite categorisation: beyond SELF comes PET – LIVESTOCK – WILD ANIMAL. Pets get names, they share emotional moments with us and we definitely don't eat them – they become a sacred category. If you name your Christmas turkey, or get too close to the school farm's pigs, expect a taboo-breaking backlash.

Palaeontologists on the books and toys that inspired a lifelong love of dinosaurs | Lost Worlds Revisited

There's a generation of palaeontologists today who were directly inspired by the first Jurassic Park films. Go into almost any palaeontologists' office and chances are that there's an Invicta Iguanodon, a roaring Megalosaurus or a "battle-damage" young Tyrannosaurus (still boxed) tucked in between journals and reprints. On the walls there will be palaeoart postcards, prints and posters of Charles Knight murals or stills from The Land that Time Forgot. Alongside fancy editions of Darwin, Owen, Cuvier and Agassiz tomes there's probably faded and well-thumbed copies of children's books like Let Me Tell You About Dinosaurs and The Complete Dinosaur. Childhood mementoes, heavy with nostalgia, touchstones of a palaeontological origin story.

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Alex Bellos's Monday puzzle

I doff my cap/fedora/porkpie to you, sir ...
I doff my cap/fedora/porkpie to you, sir ... Photograph: Sarah Lee for the Guardian

Hats off to Alex for his colourful headwear-themed headscratcher this week. So, was your thinking cap effective?

Visit Alex Bellos's Adventures in Numberland blog for more marvellous maths

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Science Weekly podcast

Why has influenza affected so many people this year?
Why has influenza affected so many people this year? Photograph: Alamy Stock Photo

Hannah Devlin explores why 2018 is such a bumper year for seasonal flu and asks how scientists are trying to fight back

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Eye on science – this week's top images

Super blue blood moon over Svalbard, Norway.
Super blue blood moon over Svalbard, Norway. Photograph: Heiko Junge/EPA

On Wednesday night, many parts of the globe caught a glimpse of the moon as a giant crimson globe, as these superb pictures show. Nasa dubbed this rare lunar trifecta of total eclipse, blue moon and super moon the "super blue blood moon".

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