Inequality in life expectancy widens as improvements reverse among most deprived females Data analysed by Office for National Statistics (ONS) confirm statistically significant increases in the inequality in life expectancy in England between the most and least deprived. For males at birth in England, a 0.3-year increase in the inequality in life expectancy was observed between 2011 to 2013 and 2014 to 2016, and now approaches a decade of life difference at 9.3 years. This increase in the inequality was largely a result of a very small increase of less than a month among the most deprived males, while the least deprived males gained more than four months of life since 2011 to 2013. For females, the inequality grew slightly more than for males by 0.4 years; the least-deprived females are now living 7.4 years longer than the most-deprived. The change in the inequality for females arose because of a statistically significant fall in life expectancy of more than two months for the most-deprived, while it grew by more than three months for the least deprived since 2011 to 2013. In Wales, a similar pattern was observed, although the growth in the inequality was less than in England and not statistically significant. The latest findings are published in the bulletin Health State life expectancies by national deprivation deciles, England and Wales: 2014 to 2016. There has been evidence of volatility in the rate of death over recent years, noted in other ONS reports and by Public Health England (PHE). The finding that life expectancy fell among females in the most deprived areas and gains were smallest among males in the most deprived areas, suggests that those living in deprived areas are not sustaining the general reduction in mortality rates observed in the first decade of the 21st Century. Conversely, the most advantaged seem much more resilient to this volatility, with strong gains over this period for both sexes. Both ONS and PHE are investigating the more recent mortality rate pattern further, to clarify whether a substantive change has occurred since 2011. Life expectancy at birth is a measure of average life span based on the rate of death occurring at each age of life. The estimates of life expectancy reported in this release are period based and therefore assume the rates of death will apply in future years. Life expectancy has relevance both for the public as well as private sectors. It is used as a demographic tool to assess the size of the population in future years and its structure; by PHE as a health outcome measure to monitor impact of actions designed to improve health, and by the Department for Work and Pensions to guide State Pension age decisions. It also has value to insurance companies for determining health risks to guide pensions provision. ONS have examined life expectancy changes among residents of England and Wales living in areas exposed to different levels of deprivation, a measure that combines aspects of life such as employment, environment and access to services. Of particularly interest is how these changes are reflected in the scale of inequality that exists between such disadvantaged and advantaged groups of the population. A reduction in health inequality has been a prominent policy objective in both England and Wales over many years; life expectancy and its counterpart summary measure of healthy life expectancy, are useful high-level outcome measures to judge whether inequality is narrowing, widening or remaining entrenched. Economy Prices in London were 7% above the UK average in 2016, according to new Relative Regional Consumer Price Levels (RRCPLs) published today by ONS. The new figures compare prices between geographical locations that can be used to determine where goods and services are more or less expensive relative to each other. It compares the regions to each other at the same point in time, covering nine areas including 'Food and Non Alcoholic Beverages', 'Transport' and 'Restaurants and Hotels'.
London has the highest RRCPL for all nine divisions, the highest being for 'Recreation and culture', which was 14.8% above the UK average, closely followed by 'Restaurants & hotels', which was 13% above the UK average.
Northern Ireland has the lowest overall RRCPL, 2.3% below the UK average. Northern Ireland is the only region that has a lower price level than the UK average for all nine divisions, except communication where prices are equal across the whole of the UK. Employment and labour market There were 794,000 young people (aged 16 to 24 years) in the UK who were not in education, employment or training (NEET); this number increased by 5,000 from July to September 2017 and was down 34,000 when compared with October to December 2016.
The percentage of all young people in the UK who were NEET was 11.2%; the proportion was up 0.1 percentage points from July to September 2017 and down 0.3 percentage points from October to December 2016.
Of all young people in the UK who were NEET, 41.6% were looking for work and available for work and therefore classified as unemployed; the remainder were either not looking for work and/or not available for work and therefore classified as economically inactive. | 
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