| Mental health in pregnancy, the postnatal period and babies and toddlers needs assessment reports now integrated with Fingertips The reports for each local authority and clinical commissioning group bring together information on risk factors and estimates of prevalence for mental health conditions for women during pregnancy and the postnatal period as well as for babies and toddlers. They are designed to inform the development of local planning and needs assessment reports. The reports, which were originally developed in 2015, have now been integrated with PHE's Fingertips tool. This eBulletin includes links to content from a range of different organisations. We do not accept responsibility for the availability, reliability or content of the items included in this eBulletin and do not necessarily endorse the views expressed within them.
Example menus for early years settings in England This series of example menus and associated guidance has been developed to support early years settings (such as nurseries and childminders) to offer food and drink in line with current government dietary recommendations for infants and children aged 6 months to 4 years. The documents include example menus and useful information for early years settings to help show how they can meet the Early Years Foundation Stage welfare requirement to provide 'healthy, balanced and nutritious' meals for children. Accompanying infographics are available from Action for Children. The menus and accompanying resources set out the information simply for early years settings offering meals and snacks throughout the day. They will also be accessible for parents to help them prepare healthy, balanced meals at home and introduce their child to new foods. The resources have been jointly developed by the Department for Education, the Department of Health and Public Health England, with advice from a panel of early years and nutrition experts including the British Nutrition Foundation. Familial hypercholesterolaemia: identification and management This guideline from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) covers identifying and managing familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH), a specific type of high cholesterol that runs in the family, in children, young people and adults. It aims to help identify people at increased risk of coronary heart disease as a result of having FH. FH is a genetic condition that causes abnormally high levels of cholesterol to build up in the body. If untreated, FH increases risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) including heart attack and stroke.
Recommendations: The guideline recommends those at risk of FH should be offered DNA tests to confirm they have the condition. Previously, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels have been used but they are not always accurate. At the moment only 15% of the estimated 260,000 people in the UK with FH have been diagnosed, including just 600 of the 56,000 children thought to have the condition. It is possible to identify family members who may be at risk; siblings and children of people with FH have a 50% risk of inheriting the condition. The guideline also recommends that people who develop cardiovascular disease before the age of 60 are offered a cholesterol reading to see whether they are at risk of FH. Prevent mental health guidance and new e-Learning package The guidance from NHS England is aimed at providers of NHS mental health services and contains information applicable to mental health professionals who work within them. It is designed to support providers and staff to exercise their statutory and professional duties to safeguard vulnerable adults, children and young people at risk of radicalisation.
Examples based on real cases and flowchart diagrams have been developed for the guidance to illustrate Prevent in a mental health context. It builds on a range of existing guidance and advice on safeguarding and information sharing in the health sector, as well as guidance on the Prevent Duty and Channel programme. Newborn born blood spot screening: failsafe procedures This updated guidance from Public Health England about newborn blood spot failsafe processes is designed to help ensure that all babies born in England are offered screening. Failsafe processes minimise risks of anything going wrong in the screening pathway. Babies can miss screening and blood spot samples can sometimes fail to reach screening laboratories, or get delayed in transit. Babies affected by screened conditions can suffer serious harm by the time these failures get detected. In some cases they are not detected at all. These errors can show wider failures in the postnatal care process. The newborn blood spot failsafe solution (NBSFS) is a national IT system which should be used to minimise the chance of these errors occurring. Commissioning parenting and family support for Troubled Families This guide to commissioning parenting and family support, published by the Early Intervention Foundation (EIF), summarises the evidence to help support Troubled Families coordinators to ensure that families with complex needs receive the right evidence-based support in priority areas, such as parenting. The report provides background information on parenting in adverse circumstances and guidance on effective commissioning, evidence-based interventions and providing value for money. The slide pack, 'Evidence to support the business case', brings together and signposts a range of existing evaluation evidence and resources on the business case for parenting and family support. National maternity and perinatal audit The latest National Maternity and Perinatal Audit (NMPA) identifies areas of good practice in maternity care, as well as opportunities to deliver improvements. The report reveals that while the vast majority of women have a safe birth, and despite on-going improvements in the safety of maternity services, variation exists in a number of clinical processes and outcomes in maternity care. Data was used from 149 of 155 NHS trusts and boards that provide maternity care in England, Scotland and Wales and are based on electronic records of 696,738 births between April 2015 and March 2016.
Other key messages include how eight out of 10 babies in England receive skin-to-skin contact within one hour of birth. Of women whose smoking status was recorded at their first antenatal appointment, 14.1% were smoking in England, 15.9% in Scotland and 18.3% in Wales. There is wide variation in the proportion of women who were reported to have stopped smoking during pregnancy. Fewer than half of pregnant women had a body mass index (BMI) within the normal range between 18.5 and 25, and one in five were obese with a BMI of 30 or over. The report shows that over half of all births are to women aged 30 or over and one in seven first births are to women aged 35 or over.
Commissioned by the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP) as part of the National Clinical Audit Programme, the NMPA is the largest quality improvement programme for maternity and neonatal services in the world. It is a landmark collaboration between the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), the Royal College of Midwives (RCM), the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM). Final evaluation of Family SMILES. Improving wellbeing for children with parents with mental health problems The NSPCC has published an evaluation of the Family SMILES programme which supports children and families where at least one parent has a mental health problem. Findings from the evaluation, based on the experiences of 59 parents and 230 children who took part in Family SMILES between September 2011 and December 2015, include: a small but statistically significant improvement in children's emotional wellbeing and behaviour; improvements in parents' abilities to communicate with their children, and positive changes in their parenting; and parents reported a significant improvement in their children's emotional wellbeing. Bullying in childhood: cause or consequence of mental health problems? #AntiBullyingWeek This Mental Elf blog reviews a recent study, which looks at the role of vulnerability and resilience in relation to mental health and bullying in childhood. This is #AntiBullyingWeek. Conclusions: This study presents powerful evidence that exposure to bullying is associated with symptoms of mental illness. The reduction in effect size seen with increasing control for genetic factors suggests a strong element of confounding: the same factors may confer vulnerability to bullying and vulnerability to mental ill-health. Nevertheless, these findings suggest a causative effect of exposure to bullying on childhood mental illness. This effect is most pronounced concurrently, and appears to lessen with time. Despite this, a causative effect of bullying on anxiety remains evident for up to 2 years, and on paranoia and cognitive disorganisation for up to 5 years Improving mental health support for our children and young people. Expert working group final report This report makes a number of recommendations that have been drawn up by an expert working group, with support from the Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE) who were commissioned by the Department of Health and Department for Education to run the project. The expert group has included looked after young people who have lived-experienced of the care system, the social care system, education and mental health support, as well as professionals from the health, social care, academic and voluntary sectors. The report calls for all those working with looked-after children to receive specific children and young people's mental health training "so they are equipped with the appropriate skills" to support them. This should have a particular focus on managing behavior and be consistent across sectors, so that all professionals and carers are adopting the same approach, the report adds. "A whole system framework of training that prepares and supports carers and professionals, respecting their roles in supporting young people, is crucial," the report states. The expert group also wants every school to have a designated teacher with training in identifying and understanding the mental health needs of all their pupils who are in care. Other recommendations include ensuring all carers receive support for their own mental health and emotional wellbeing. There is also a call for ministers at the DoH and DfE to work together to ensure that all looked-after children and care leavers have access to mental health support.
In tandem with the publication of this report, SCIE has produced a resource which aims to improve the emotional wellbeing and mental health support for young people who cannot be looked after by their birth families. People who work with these young people, commissioners of care services and others working with children may find the resource helpful as well as advice for practice on how to improve mental health support for our children and young people. It starts with hello: A report looking into the impact of loneliness in children, young people and families Action for Children's report aims to identify the impact of loneliness on children, young people and families in the UK. The stories and research from Mumsnet, Barnardo's, The Children's Society, Homestart, NSPCC and Young Minds, amongst many others, have contributed to this report which explores loneliness amongst our children and families. The study has been published to coincide with a month-long campaign by the charity to tackle loneliness, being run alongside the Jo Cox Commission on Loneliness. Family involvement in acute mental health care This Mental Elf blog considers a recent collaborative conceptual review, which asks why and how families should get involved in acute mental health care. The post Family involvement in acute mental health care appeared first on National Elf Service. The austerity generation: the impact of a decade of cuts on family incomes and child poverty The Child Poverty Action Group has published a study looking at the impact of austerity on families with children in the decade 2010-2020. The report conducted with the Institute for Public Policy Research, sets out the cumulative effect of cuts to social security on the looks at both the world of tax credits and the new Universal Credit (UC) system. Living standards, poverty and inequality in the UK: 2017-18 to 2021-22 A new report by Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) researchers, produced with funding from the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, combines official economic forecasts with planned tax and benefit reforms to project incomes and poverty rates among UK households between 2015-16 (the latest data available) and 2021-22. The report predicts an increase in child poverty. Root causes: quality and inequality in dental health This report published as part of the Nuffield Trust and the Health Foundation's QualityWatch programme, analyses routine and publicly available data on dental health outcomes and activity. It reveals that, across several different data sources, dental health is generally better in the south and east of England and poorer in the north of England. As well as there being a regional divide, the report highlights a consistent gap between the dental health of rich and poor, with deprived groups more likely require hospital treatment and parents of children receiving free school meals finding it harder to access a dentist. Motivating health behaviors in adolescents through behavioral economics This editorial report from JAMA Pediatrics looks at unhealthy behaviour in adolescents in the context of hehavioural economics. Residential special schools and colleges: support for children An independent review from the Department for Education of the experiences and outcomes of children in residential special schools and colleges, and government response. This sets out how children and young people with special educational needs and disability (SEND) are currently supported in residential special schools and colleges and gives recommendations to support children, young people and their families to improve their experiences and outcomes. The government's response is also available.
Further child and maternal health data can be found on Public Health England's Fingertips tool. The child and maternal health section brings together a range of publicly available data, information, tools and resources. Find guidance on using these statistics and other intelligence resources to help you make decisions about the planning and provision of child and maternal health services on.GOV.UK.
Children and young people with an eating disorder access and waiting times experimental statistics, Q2 2017/18 Information from NHS England on the number of children and young people with an eating disorder access and waiting times experimental statistics (CYP ED) who have accessed, or are waiting for NICE-approved treatment. NHS maternity statistics, England 2016 to 2017 For the first time these statistics from NHS Digital will combine reporting from two data sources for maternity information - Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) and Maternity Services Data Set (MSDS) - to give a fuller picture of NHS maternity activity for deliveries in 2016/17. This publication was previously named Hospital Maternity Activity.
Children and young people's health services monthly statistics July 2017 This publication from NHS Digital reports information from the CYPHS. This is a patient-level dataset providing information relating to NHS-funded community services for children and young people aged 18 years or under. These services can include health centres, schools and mental health trusts. The data collected includes personal and demographic information, diagnoses including long-term conditions and childhood disabilities and care events plus screening activities. The November PHOF update – what have we learned? This is the fourth in a series of blogs from Public Health England summarising what we learn each time we update the Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF). PHOF allows us to make informed decisions based on data showing where we stand right now, but also allowing us to track progress. In the November update, the indicator of smoking status at time of delivery for mothers has been revised so that mothers with an unknown smoking status are not included in the denominator. The intention is to encourage reporting of smoking status as previously the unknowns would be effectively categorised as non-smokers. The latest data shows a continued reduction in smoking in pregnancy. The smoking, drinking and drug use among young people survey estimates that in 2016, 7% of 15 year olds smoked regularly, whilst 8% were occasional smokers. The percentage of regular smokers reduced from 8% in the previous survey in 2014, but not significantly, whereas occasional smoking increased from 5%. Wider determinants of health: November 2017 update The Wider Determinants of Health data tool has been updated by Public Health England (PHE). The tool brings together available indicators at England and local authority levels on the wider determinants of health with links to further resources. Included in this update: an indicator Children in the youth justice system indicator. Smoking, drinking and drug use among young people in England 2016 The survey report from NHS Digital presents information on the percentage of pupils who have ever smoked, tried alcohol or taken drugs and on their regular use. This survey includes information on how much alcohol and what types of alcohol pupils consume, how many cigarettes they smoke and the types of drugs they use. Relationships between smoking, drinking and drug use are explored along with the links between smoking, drinking and drug use with other factors such as age, gender, previous truancy or exclusion. Data at England level with some regional breakdowns is provided. Maternity services monthly statistics June 2017 The Maternity Services Data set (MSDS) is a patient-level 'secondary uses' data set that re-uses clinical and operational data for purposes other than direct patient care, such as commissioning and clinical audit. It captures key information at each stage of the maternity service care pathway in NHS-funded maternity services, such as those provided by GP practices and hospitals. The data collected include mother's demographics, booking appointments, admissions and re-admissions, screening tests, labour and delivery along with baby's demographics, diagnoses and screening tests.
The following analysis files are published within the zip file 'Additional experimental analysis using MSDS data' due to low data quality and completeness: • Delivery method by previous births for births in May 2017 • Delivery method by Robson group for births in May 2017 • Smoking status at delivery for births in April 2017 • Postpartum haemorrhage and other maternal critical incidents for births in April 2017 • Antenatal pathway level for bookings in May 2017. Children living in long-term workless households, UK: 2016 This bulletin gives the number of children who are living in households where no-one has worked for at least 12 months. The number of children in long-term workless households has fallen to its lowest level in a decade: down 505,000 since 2010. Data from the Office for National Statistics shows that 9.3% of children, around 1.1 million, are in long-term workless households. This is the first time in at least a decade that the percentage figure has fallen below 10%. The number of children living in lone parent households which are long-term workless has fallen 73,000 on the year. Around 9 in 10 children live in households with at least one working adult. The full versions of some of these resources may only be available with a paid subscription. Contact your local library service or Athens account administrator to see if you are able to access them through your organisation.
Journal of Adolescent Health: School disciplinary style and adolescent health Purpose: Parenting style is strongly associated with adolescent health. However, little is known about how school disciplinary style relates to health. This study categorized adolescents' perceptions of their schools as authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, or neglectful, and tested whether perceived school disciplinary style is associated with health. Conclusions: Structured and supportive school environments may impact the health of vulnerable adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health: Marketing food and beverages to youth through sports Purpose: The authors reviewed the literature about sports-related food marketing, including food and beverage companies' use of sports sponsorships, athlete endorsements, and sports video games. Findings: This review demonstrates that sports sponsorships with food and beverage companies often promote energy-dense, nutrient-poor products and while many of these promotions do not explicitly target youth, sports-related marketing affects food perceptions and preferences among youth. Furthermore, endorsement of unhealthy products by professional athletes sends mixed messages; although athletes may promote physical activity, they simultaneously encourage consumption of unhealthy products that can lead to negative health outcomes. The authors argue that more athletes and sports organizations should stop promoting unhealthy foods and beverages and work with health experts to encourage healthy eating habits among youth. Journal of Adolescent Health: The modifying effects of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status on the change in physical activity from elementary to middle school Purpose: Youth physical activity (PA) levels differ by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES). It is well established that various multilevel factors may influence changes in PA. The present study examined whether the association between the change in individual, interpersonal, and environmental factors and the change in PA is modified by race/ethnicity or SES. Conclusions: The factors that influence changes in youth PA vary by race/ethnicity but not SES. These findings reinforce the complex nature of addressing PA behavior in diverse samples and further support the need for culturally appropriate interventions to promote PA in youth. Journal of Adolescent Health: Structural intervention with school nurses increases receipt of sexual health care among male high school students Purpose: Adolescent males are less likely to receive health care and have lower levels of sexual and reproductive health knowledge than adolescent females. The purpose of this study was to determine if a school-based structural intervention focused on school nurses increases receipt of condoms and SRH information among male students. Conclusion: With a minimal investment of resources, school nurses can become important sources of sexual and reproductive health information and condoms for male high school students. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health: Families First Home Visiting programme reduces population-level child health and social inequities Background: Home visiting has been shown to reduce child maltreatment and improve child health outcomes. In this observational study, the authors explored whether Families First, a home visiting programme in Manitoba, Canada, decreased population-level inequities in children being taken into care of child welfare and receiving complete childhood immunisations. Conclusion: Home visiting programmes should be recognised as effective strategies for improving child outcomes and reducing population-level health and social inequities. Academic Pediatrics: Do fathers' home reading practices at age 2 predict child language and literacy at age 4? Background: Maternal shared reading practices predict emergent literacy, but fathers' contributions are less certain. This study examined whether fathers' shared home reading activities at 2 years (1) predict language and emergent literacy at age 4 years, when controlling for maternal contributions; and (2) differentially benefit these outcomes in disadvantaged children. Conclusion: Fathers' involvement in reading at 2 years predicted better language but not emergent literacy at 4 years, and did not protect against adverse effects of socioeconomic disadvantage. Academic Pediatrics: Types of objects in the sleep environment associated with infant suffocation and strangulation Objective: To investigate the circumstances of death and types and roles of objects present in the sleep environment at the time of death for infants who died from suffocation or strangulation during sleep. Conclusions: Pillows and blankets are objects in sleep environments frequently associated with unintentional suffocation and strangulation of infants. Increased efforts should be made to remove these and other objects from sleep environments of infants. Academic Pediatrics: Randomized trial of a children's book versus brochures for safe sleep knowledge and adherence in a high-risk population Objective: Sleep-related infant deaths have plateaued in the past decade, disproportionately affecting low socioeconomic status families. Printed materials are widely used for anticipatory guidance, yet none for safe sleep has been studied. The authors tested the efficacy of a specially designed children's book compared to brochures for safe sleep knowledge and adherence, which they hypothesized would be greater due to superior readability and engagement. Conclusions: While a specially designed children's book and brochures were equally effective conveying aggregate safe sleep knowledge in low-socioeconomic status mothers, adherence to exclusive crib use and avoiding bed sharing were greater in the book group, attributable to enhanced dialogue, readability and emotional engagement. Children's books are a promising mode of anticipatory guidance, warranting further investigation. Academic Pediatrics: Comparison of text messages versus e-mail when communicating and querying with mothers about safe infant sleep Objective: To assess how mothers' choice of e-mail or text messages (SMS) to receive safe sleep communications is associated with educational video viewing and responses to care practice queries. Conclusions: Participants more commonly opted to receive infant care practice videos and queries via e-mail. SMS was associated with higher viewing and response rates, especially for query responses. These results highlight the importance of understanding how specific modalities of communication might vary in reach. BJOG: Respectful care during childbirth in health facilities globally: a qualitative evidence synthesis Background: What constitutes respectful maternity care operationally in research and program implementation is often variable. Objectives: To develop a conceptualization of respectful maternity care. Conclusions: This review presents an evidence-based typology of respectful maternity care in health facilities globally, and demonstrates that the concept is broader than a reduction of disrespectful care or mistreatment of women during childbirth. Innovative approaches should be developed and tested to integrate respectful maternity care as a routine component of quality maternal and newborn care programs. Journal of Medical Internet Research: Sexual health and the Internet: cross-sectional study of online preferences among adolescents Background: The Internet is widely used by adolescents for sexual health information and bears the potential to increase knowledge and positively affect behavior. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess students' preferences when looking for sexual health information online. Conclusions: Students prefer easily understandable online resources. Setting up sexual health websites according to the explicit preferences of the target audience might encourage usage, especially by those subpopulations less likely to critically assess information validity: male adolescents, children of immigrants, and the academically disadvantaged. Journal of Pediatric Health Care: Parental refusal of human papillomavirus vaccine: multisite study Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore reasons why parents may refuse administration of the human papillomavirus vaccine to their children. Discussion: The data from this study correlated with the pilot study regarding parental perceptions of the vaccine; however, it appears that with new public campaigns and education, parents' perceptions are improving. Nurse practitioners are in an excellent position to clarify information about human papillomavirus vaccination. Child and Adolescent Mental Health: Review: How should child mental health services respond to the refugee crisis? Background: Child mental health services and related agencies are faced with an increasing challenge in responding to the influx of refugee children around the world. There is strong evidence on the prevalence and complexity of these children's mental health problems and broader needs. Aims: To review the research literature on risk and protective factors, and associated mental health interventions for refugee children. Conclusions: In high-income countries, child mental health services need to collaborate with all agencies in contact with refugee children, establish joint care pathways, and integrate trauma-focused interventions with family and community approaches. In low- and middle-income countries, where specialist resources are sparse, resilience-building should aim at maximising and upskilling existing capacity. A six-dimensional psychosocial model that applies to other children who experience complex trauma is proposed. International Journal of Public Health: Socioeconomic status is associated with the prevalence and co-occurrence of risk factors for cigarette smoking initiation during adolescence Objectives: To investigate whether the prevalence or co-occurrence of risk factors for cigarette smoking initiation differ by socioeconomic status (SES) and whether SES interacts with risk factors to increase initiation. Conclusions: Tobacco control efforts must address the higher prevalence and co-occurrence of risk factors in lower SES contexts since these may render initiation highly probable in many lower SES youth. Journal of Adolescence: Bullying among immigrant and non-immigrant early adolescents: school- and student-level effects Background: This study examined the association between school immigrant concentration and bullying among immigrant and non-immigrant early adolescents, and identified potential explanatory factors. Results demonstrate the importance of immigrant density as a protective school characteristic for immigrant and ethnic minority youth. Conclusions: Additional social processes operating in schools that may explain bullying behaviors among immigrant and non-immigrant youth should be explored to inform programs for promoting inclusion in schools. Maternal & Child Nutrition: The effectiveness of interventions using relaxation therapy to improve breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review Aims: A systematic review was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions using relaxation therapy to improve breastfeeding outcomes and to assess the consequent impact(s) on infant growth and behaviour. Findings: Relaxation therapy was shown to increase milk yield in mothers of preterm infants in 2 randomised trials, however, the milk sampling protocol for these studies could be questioned. None of the studies investigated the consequent effects on infant outcomes. Overall, limited evidence was found on the effectiveness of relaxation therapy on breast milk composition and infant outcomes. Experimental studies with better standardisation of protocol and robust methodological design are needed to investigate the effectiveness of relaxation therapy on both breastfeeding and infant growth and behavioural outcomes. PLOS ONE: Catch-up HPV vaccination status of adolescents in relation to socioeconomic factors, individual beliefs and sexual behaviour Background: In 2012, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was introduced free of charge in the Swedish national school-based vaccination programme for 10-12-year-old girls, and as catch-up vaccination for young women. The aim of the study was to examine HPV catch-up vaccination status in adolescents in relation to 1) socioeconomic factors, 2) beliefs and knowledge about HPV prevention, and 3) sexual behaviour. Conclusions: Catch-up HPV vaccination among young girls was associated with a European background and high maternal education level, as well as more favourable beliefs towards HPV prevention and less sexual risk-taking. Further preventive measures should therefore be directed at the migrant population. Infant Mental Health Journal: The magic of play: low-income mothers' and fathers' playfulness and children's emotion regulation and vocabulary skills Background: Using data from a diverse sample of low-income families who participated in the Early Head Start Research Evaluation Project, we explored the association between mothers' and fathers' playfulness with toddlers, toddler's affect during play, and children's language and emotion regulation at prekindergarten. Findings: There were two main findings. First, fathers' playfulness in toddlerhood was associated with children's vocabulary skills in prekindergarten whereas mothers' playfulness was related to children's emotion regulation. Cross-parental effects were found only for mothers. ... These findings show that playfulness is an important source of variation in the vocabulary and emotion regulation of children growing up in low-income families. They also point to domain-specific ways that mothers and fathers promote children's regulatory and vocabulary skills, and highlight the importance of children's positive engagement in play. Journal of Internet Research (JIMR): Preventing depression in final year secondary students: school-based randomized controlled trial Background: Depression often emerges for the first time during adolescence. There is accumulating evidence that universal depression prevention programs may have the capacity to reduce the impact of depression when delivered in the school environment. Conclusions: This is the first trial to demonstrate a preventive effect on depressive symptoms prior to a significant and universal stressor in adolescents. It demonstrates that an online intervention delivered in advance of a stressful experience can reduce the impact of such an event on the potential development or exacerbation of depression. Child Indicators Research: Minor symptoms talk: how children react to encountered bullying Background: This study categorized school aged children by their bullying-related experiences and examined how such experiences impact their health outcomes and risk behaviors. Participants included 8955 children aged 11-to-16-year-old (50.3% males) from the Health Behavior of School-Aged Children (HBSC) 2009–2010 dataset, a nationally representative U.S. sample. Conclusion: The timely identification of minor psychosomatic symptoms may be used in the early detection on whether children are encountering bullying. Preventive interventions for reduce the harm are warranted. Child and Adolescent Mental Health: Review - measurement issues: assessing anxiety disorders in children and adolescents Background: Given the relatively high prevalence of anxiety problems among young people and their adverse consequences if left untreated, it is important that clinicians and researchers have access to reliable and valid assessment tools to facilitate early detection, case formulation, treatment design and evaluation of outcomes. Conclusions: The assessment of youth anxiety should ideally include a multiinformant, multimethod approach, with measures tailored to the age of the child, and the purpose of the evaluation. There is now a sufficiently strong research base to enable clinicians and researchers to ensure that they select evidence-based instruments. Journal of Medical Internet Research (JIMR): Engagement within a mobile phone–based smoking cessation intervention for adolescents and its association with participant characteristics and outcomes Background: Although mobile phone–delivered smoking cessation programs are a promising way to promote smoking cessation among adolescents, little is known about how adolescents might actually use them. Conclusions: The majority of tobacco-smoking adolescents engaged extensively with a mobile phone–based smoking cessation program. However, not only stable engagement but also decreasing engagement with a program might be an indicator of behavioral change. Measures to avoid nonengagement among adolescents appear especially necessary for older smokers with an immigrant background who do not drink excessively. In addition, future studies should not only examine the use of specific program components but also users' engagement trajectories to better understand the mechanisms behind behavioral change. JAMA Pediatrics: Cigarette price differentials and infant mortality in 23 EU countries Background: This longitudinal, ecological study assesses associations between median cigarette prices, cigarette price differentials, and infant mortality across the European Union. Conclusions: Higher cigarette prices were associated with reduced infant mortality, while increased cigarette price differentials were associated with higher infant mortality in the European Union. Combined with other evidence, this research suggests that legislators should implement tobacco tax and price control measures that eliminate budget cigarettes. Infant Mental Health Journal: Measurement of father-child rough-and-tumble play and its relations to child behaviour Background: Although there is increasing evidence of paternal influence on child outcomes such as language and cognition, researchers are not yet clear on the features of father–child play that are most valuable in terms of child development. Findings: The meta-analysis found weak to moderate population effects for links between father–child physical play and child aggression, social competence, emotional skills, and self-regulation. Research investigating the effect of father–child physical play on children's development will be improved when definitions clearly identify the nature of play, settings facilitate boisterous play, and measures include frequency and quality of play interactions. This play shows promise as an enhancer of positive father–child relationships and a catalyst for child development. Infant Mental Health Journal: Mother–child and father-child play interaction: the importance of parental playfulness as a moderator of the links between parental behaviour and child negativity Background: Based on the premise that father–child play is an important context for children's development and that fathers "specialize" in play, similarities and differences in the role of playfulness in the father–child and mother–child relationship were examined. Participants in this study included 111 families (children's age: 1–3 years). Results: Results indicated that mothers and fathers did not differ in playfulness and that mothers and fathers who were higher in playfulness had children with lower levels of negativity. However, playfulness differently moderated the links between parents' and children's behaviors for mothers and fathers. Findings demonstrate the important role that parental playfulness has on parent–child interaction as well as the need to examine moderation patterns separately for fathers and mothers. European Journal of Public Health: A systematic literature review on the use and outcomes of maternal and child healthcare services by undocumented migrants in Europe Background: Undocumented migrants, in particular pregnant women and their newborns, constitute a particularly vulnerable group of migrants. The aim of this study was to systematically review the academic literature on the use and outcomes of maternal and child healthcare by undocumented migrants in the European Union (EU) and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries. Conclusions: Despite major methodological differences between included studies, the results of this review indicate that the status of undocumented migrants exacerbates known health risks and hampers service use. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health: Bipolar disorder in pregnancy: a review of pregnancy outcomes Introduction: Women with bipolar disorder may benefit from continuation of their medications during pregnancy, but there may be risks to the fetus associated with some of these medications. This article examines the evidence relating to the effect of bipolar disorder and pharmacologic treatments for bipolar disorder on pregnancy outcomes. Discussion: The knowledge of benefits and risks of bipolar disorder and its treatment can help women and health care providers make individualized decisions. Prenatal care providers can discuss the evidence about safety of medications used to treat bipolar disorder with women in collaboration with their mental health care providers. In addition, women being treated for bipolar disorder require close monitoring for depressive and manic/hypomanic episodes that impact pregnancy outcomes. Journal of Childhood Psychology and Psychiatry: Examining bidirectional effects between the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) core symptom domains and anxiety in children with ASD Background: Although a bidirectional relationship between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and anxiety symptoms is assumed, few studies have investigated this. Moreover, little is known about potential differential relationships of the two core symptom domains of ASD – social communication impairment and restricted, repetitive behavior – with anxiety over time. Conclusions: Our results do not support a bidirectional relationship between the ASD core symptom domains and anxiety, but suggest that higher levels of anxiety symptoms increase the risk of more social communication impairment over time in children with ASD. This underlines the importance of treating anxiety symptoms to improve both social and emotional functioning. Journal of Pediatric Nursing: Psychosocial care models for families of critically ill children in pediatric emergency department settings: a scoping review Problem: Critical illness in children is a significant and stressful life event for families. Within pediatric emergency department (ED) settings it is acknowledged that these crises are challenging for both the families of these children, and for the clinical staff treating the child. Literature recommends routine care should include an offer to the family to be present with their critically ill child, however there is a lack of clarity regarding specific family care models or evidence-based interventions to guide clinical practice. Conclusions: Pediatric emergency health events are challenging for both families and staff, and care models provide staff with a consistent, evidence-informed approach to caring for families in challenging situations. Implications: There is a need to find common ground from specific discipline guidelines into a multidisciplinary team approach for the care of families within emergency care. International Journal of Public Health: The effects of non-physical peer sexual harassment on high school students' psychological well-being in Norway: consistent and stable findings across studies Objectives: The paper examines how strongly non-physical peer sexual harassment is associated with a wide range of well-being outcomes from symptoms of depression and anxiety to self-esteem and body image. Conclusions: The findings imply that although sticks and stones may break bones, it does seem that derogatory words and other forms of non-physical sexual harassment definitely harm high school students. PLOS ONE: Childhood socioeconomic position and adult mental wellbeing: Evidence from four British birth cohort studies Background: There is much evidence showing that childhood socioeconomic position is associated with physical health in adulthood; however existing evidence on how early life disadvantage is associated with adult mental wellbeing is inconsistent. This paper investigated whether childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) is associated with adult mental wellbeing and to what extent any association is explained by adult SEP using harmonised data from four British birth cohort studies. Conclusions: Socioeconomic conditions in childhood are directly and indirectly, through adult socioeconomic pathways, associated with adult mental wellbeing, but findings from these harmonised data suggest this association may depend on cohort or age. The Journal of Pediatrics: Modes of infant feeding and the risk of childhood asthma: a prospective birth cohort study. Objective: To determine whether different modes of infant feeding are associated with childhood asthma, including differentiating between direct breastfeeding and expressed breast milk. Conclusions: Modes of infant feeding are associated with asthma development. Direct breastfeeding is most protective compared with formula feeding; indirect breast milk confers intermediate protection. Policies that facilitate and promote direct breastfeeding could have impact on the primary prevention of asthma. Child Abuse & Neglect: The influence of maltreatment history and out-of-home-care on children's language and social skills Background: This study examined the extent to which maltreatment history and the characteristics of out-of-home care correlated with the language and social skills of maltreated children. Participants in this study were 82 maltreated children aged between 5 and 12 years of age. Findings: The study provides evidence that at the group level, language and social skills are poor in maltreated children. However, gains in language skills might be made via the out-of-home-care environment. Improvements in the social skills of maltreated children may require additional support. International Journal of Public Health: Social vulnerability as a predictor of physical activity and screen time in European children Objectives: To examine associations between social vulnerabilities and meeting physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) recommendations during a 2-year follow-up. Results: Children whose parents had minimal social networks had a higher risk of non-compliance with PA recommendations (subjectively assessed) at baseline. Migrants and children with unemployed parents had longer ST. All vulnerable groups were less likely to be sports club members. Conclusions: Migrants and children with unemployed parents are at risk for excessive ST and all vulnerable groups have lower odds of being sports club members. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health: Primary schools and the amplification of social differences in child mental health: a population-based cohort study Background: This paper examines socioeconomic inequalities in mental health at school entry and explores changes in these inequalities over the first 3 years of school. Conclusions: Additional support to help children from disadvantaged backgrounds at preschool and in early primary school may help narrow inequalities. Children from disadvantaged backgrounds started school with a higher prevalence of mental health difficulties, compared with their more advantaged peers, and this disparity widened markedly over the first 3 years of school.
Journal of Pediatric Health Care: The psychosocial experiences and needs of children undergoing surgery and their parents: a systematic review Introduction: Surgery in children can be difficult for patients and parents. This study aimed to summarize pediatric patients' and parents' psychosocial experiences and needs in surgery. Results: The search yielded 11 eligible studies representing 1,307 children undergoing surgery and their parents. Children's adverse experiences included psychological and behavioral changes before, during, and after surgery (e.g., anxiety, eating disturbances). Parents commonly experienced psychological distress. Children's needs related to medical and health care services, whereas parents had high information needs. Discussion: Children's adverse experiences can negatively affect medical outcomes. Children's experiences are inextricably linked to their parents' and can become negatively affected by their parents' adverse experiences. Patients and parents with previous hospitalizations and surgeries had worse surgical experiences, highlighting further research in the context of chronic illness. The Journal of Pediatrics: Fetal overnutrition and adolescent hepatic fat fraction: the exploring perinatal outcomes in children study Objective: To determine if fetal overnutrition resulting from maternal obesity or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased liver fat during adolescence, adjusting for past and current metabolic risk factors. Conclusions: Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity was associated with increased HFF in offspring independent of childhood and adolescent adiposity. Intervention studies are needed to test the hypothesis that maternal obesity is a modifiable risk factor for childhood fatty liver disease. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry: Improvements of adolescent psychopathology after insomnia treatment: results from a randomized controlled trial over 1 year Background: Adolescent insomnia can be treated effectively with cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBTI). However, little is known about effects of CBTI on psychopathology in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate whether (a) CBTI improves psychopathology in Internet- (IT) and face-to-face group treatment (GT) compared to waitlist (WL), (b) improvement in psychopathology can be attributed to reduced insomnia, (c) improvement in psychopathology remains stable for up to 1 year. Conclusions: This is the first study demonstrating that Internet and face-to-face CBT for insomnia achieves long-term reduction in adolescent psychopathology and does so by improving insomnia. This finding can have profound implications for youth mental health care. BJOG: Partner smoking influences whether mothers quit smoking during pregnancy: a prospective cohort study Objective: To analyze the prevalence and intensity of smoking among pregnant women and their partners and factors associated with quitting smoking among pregnant women. Conclusions: About one out of ten pregnancy women smoked and one out of four was passive smoker. Tobacco exposure reduction strategies in pregnancy should include a focus on partner smoking. American Journal of Public Health (AJPH): New and recurrent concussions in high-school athletes before and after traumatic brain injury Laws, 2005–2016 Objectives: To examine the trends of new and recurrent sports-related concussions in high-school athletes before and after youth sports traumatic brain injury laws. Conclusions: Observed trends of increased concussion rates are likely attributable to increased identification and reporting. Additional research is needed to evaluate intended long-term impact of traumatic brain injury laws. Journal of Pediatric Nursing: The convergence of two epidemics: Vitamin D deficiency in obese school-aged children Problem: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and obesity are two interrelated global epidemics that affect school-aged children. This article will review the relationship between VDD and obesity in school-aged children and implications it has for the pediatric nurse (PN). Conclusions: Whereas obesity is a strong risk factor for VDD, more research is needed to clarify the role of VDD as a risk factor for obesity. Implications: The PN plays an essential role in preventing, screening for, assessing for, treating and counseling on VDD in obese school-aged children. BMJ: Incidence, clinical management, and mortality risk following self harm among children and adolescents: cohort study in primary care Objectives: To examine temporal trends in sex and age specific incidence of self harm in children and adolescents, clinical management patterns, and risk of cause specific mortality following an index self harm episode at a young age. Conclusions: Gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the recent apparent increase in the incidence of self harm among early-mid teenage girls, and coordinated initiatives to tackle health inequalities in the provision of services to distressed children and adolescents, represent urgent priorities for multiple public agencies. Journal of Youth and Adolescence: The happiest kids on earth. Gender equality and adolescent life satisfaction in Europe and North America Background: Based on the assumption that high levels of societal gender equality foster a more socially supportive climate for all, the current study examines whether adolescents living in more gender-equal countries have a higher life satisfaction, compared to their peers in less gender-equal countries. Conclusion: Cross-national differences in adolescent life satisfaction in Europe and North America are consistent, but remain poorly understood. In contrast with previous studies that predominantly focused on the explanatory role of economic factors, this study takes a more social approach. It demonstrates that adolescents have a higher life satisfaction when living in countries with high levels of gender equality, compared to countries with low levels of gender equality—irrespective of individual and national economic factors. While some people still believe that gender equality is a women's or girls' issue, this study clearly shows that not only girls, but also boys benefit from higher levels of societal gender equality. The association between societal gender equality and adolescent life satisfaction was explained by the perception of social support within the family, peer and school context. These findings underscore the importance of building a society that promotes equality and recognizes the value of social support for its individual members. | 
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