|
Breastfeeding at 6 to 8 weeks after birth: quarter 1 and quarter 2 2017/18 Breastfeeding at 6 to 8 weeks after birth have been published for quarter 1 and quarter 2 2017/18. Local authorities are required to prioritise breastfeeding support locally and to increase breastfeeding initiation and prevalence. There is strong evidence that babies who are breastfed exclusively for the first 6 months have lower rates of gastroenteritis, respiratory infection, sudden infant death syndrome, obesity and allergies. Health visitor service delivery metrics: quarter 1 and quarter 2 2017/18 Good health, wellbeing and resilience are vital for all our children now and for the future of society. The Healthy child programme's 0 to 5 element is led by health visiting services who identify families that are in need of support and children who are at risk of poor outcomes. They provide expert information, assessments and interventions for babies, children and families, including first time mothers and fathers with complex needs. The Health visitor service delivery metrics cover the antenatal check, new birth visit, the 6-8 week review, the 12 month assessment and the 2-2½ year assessment. Information is presented at a local authority, PHE Centre and England level. Child development outcomes at age 2 to 2½ years - statistical release From 2015 all children in England became eligible for a Healthy Child Programme development review around their second birthday. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3) is used to measure a child's development outcomes, identifies children who are not developing as expected and supports decisions on closer monitoring of progress or targeting of services. Quarter 1 and quarter 2 2017/18 data is an extension of the indicator measuring the percentage of 2 to 2½ year reviews completed. These reports detail the percentage of children who were at or above the expected level in communication skills, gross motor skills, fine motor skills, problem solving skills, personal-social skills and in all five areas of development. This eBulletin includes links to content from a range of different organisations. We do not accept responsibility for the availability, reliability or content of the items included in this eBulletin and do not necessarily endorse the views expressed within them.
Addressing adversity: prioritising adversity and trauma-informed care for children and young people in England (YoungMinds) Evidence, insight and case studies from leading experts, clinicians, commissioners and frontline professionals to raise awareness about the impact of adversity and trauma on the mental health of young people. This resource includes the latest evidence, insight and good practice to support commissioners, providers and practitioners to prioritise adversity and trauma-informed care across England. YoungMinds have also produced a poster alongside the book. Meeting the health and wellbeing needs of young carers (Local Government Association) Councils are under a legal duty to identify young carers and carry out assessments that consider the impact on the child and whole family. The case studies in this report shows there is good work being done that we can learn from. WHO recommendations: intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience (World Health Organization) The recommendations presented in this guideline are neither country nor region specific and acknowledge the variations that exist globally as to the level of available health services within and between countries. The guideline highlights the importance of woman-centred care to optimize the experience of labour and childbirth for women and their babies through a holistic, human rights-based approach. It introduces a global model of intrapartum care, which takes into account the complexity and diverse nature of prevailing models of care and contemporary practice. Sexual and reproductive health in England: local and national data (Public Health England) Guidance to help health professionals including local government, service providers and commissioners understand the sexual health data that is available including that data on teenage pregnancy across England and how the data can be accessed. This guide now contains 2017 data. Education for a connected world: a framework to equip children and young people for digital life (UK Council for Child Internet Safety (UKCCIS)) This framework describes the digital knowledge and skills that children and young people should have the opportunity to develop at different ages and stages of their lives. It highlights what a child should know in terms of current online technology, its influence on behaviour and development, and what skills they need to be able to navigate it. The document supports one of the key aims of the government's Internet Safety Strategy of supporting children to stay safe and make a positive contribution online, as well enabling teachers to develop effective strategies for understanding and handling online risks. National child measurement programme operational guidance (Public Health England) Following feedback from parents, local authorities, schools and provider services, the National Child Measurement Programme result letters for parents have been revised. The updated letters now show how the child's growth compares to national growth charts and includes social norms messages, following input from academic and behavioural experts. The letters also provide an opportunity to let parents know about local child weight management service available in their area. It is recommended that local authorities now use these revised letters. Review of post-18 education and funding: terms of reference (Department for Education) Terms of reference for a review of post-18 education and funding to ensure a joined-up system that works for everyone. Looking to the future - improving mental health outcomes for children and young people (Public Health England) This blog post reflects on the Government and PHE's commitment to improve young people's mental health. Your voices amplified (YoungMinds) This report covers what young people, parents and carers told the YoungMinds Amplified programme about their experiences of participation in mental health services. Funded and supported by NHS England, Amplified is a programme to support and build participation in every part of the children and young people's mental health system. Parental alcohol misuse and children (Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology (POST)) A parliamentary report lays bare the reality of damage caused by parents who drink too much. The report, published by the Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology following a request by the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Children of Alcoholics, confirms that 37% of child deaths and serious injuries through neglect are linked to parental drinking. The report makes a number of recommendations including properly funding local support for children affected, and for a greater focus on education and awareness of the issue among children and young people. Providing mental health support in UK schools (Place2Be) This report from Place2Be in partnership with The British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP), NAHT and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP), provides a picture of the challenges faced by schools and school-based mental health professionals. The research found that 44% of school leaders said "knowing what type of support is needed" is a barrier to providing mental health support for pupils, and 37% said they don't feel confident in commissioning a counsellor or therapist. Every child alive (UNICEF) This report on newborn mortality shows, the risk of dying as a newborn varies enormously depending on where a baby is born. Babies born in Japan stand the best chance of surviving, with just 1 in 1,000 dying during the first 28 days. Children born in Pakistan face the worst odds: Of every 1,000 babies born, 46 die before the end of their first month – almost 1 in 20. Newborn survival is closely linked to a country's income level. Babies born in Japan, Iceland and Singapore have the best chance at survival, while newborns in Pakistan, the Central African Republic and Afghanistan face the worst odds. Menstrual myths, morals and milestones: a paediatric miasma (Archives of Disease in Childhood) Editorial concerning why understanding the menstrual cycle is of pivotal importance and may allow new interventions for young women with reduced morbidity and better health outcomes. Children missing education: the hidden children (National Children's Bureau) NCB has published the best estimate possible about this hidden group of children, showing that nearly 50,000 children were reported as missing education at some point in 2016/17. Children missing education (CME) are defined as children of compulsory school age who are not registered pupils at a school and are not receiving suitable education elsewhere. Local authorities were asked to provide data on how many of the children missing education in their area were in receipt of free school meals or known to social services. The results suggest a potential link with both poverty and being referred to social services. Growing up in kinship care: Experiences as adolescents and outcomes in young adulthood (Grandparents Plus) Report from the study conducted last year on the outcomes for young people growing up in kinship care. Whilst there is a considerable literature on the difficulties faced by young people leaving local authority care, much less is known about how children who have been brought up in kinship care get on as they reach their late teens and early adulthood. Do they do better or worse than care leavers and how do they compare with young people in the general population? This study is the first of its kind to look at these questions. Making the internet safer for children: the global evidence (London School of Economics) The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) has published a blog looking at how global evidence can be used to make the internet a safer place for children. The blog identifies priorities to harness the good and limit the harm of children's internet use including: safeguarding children's privacy and identities online; and teaching digital literacy to keep children informed, engaged and safe online. Rapid review on safeguarding to inform the Healthy Child Programme 5 to 19 (Public Health England) The Healthy Child Programme sets out the recommended framework of universal and progressive services for children and young people in England to promote their health and wellbeing. The purpose of this rapid review is to update the evidence regarding safeguarding guidance, focusing on prevention and early intervention. A Public Health England blog, What we're doing to help keep our children and young people safe explains more about the review. Humanising birth: Does the language we use matter? (BMJ Opinion) This opinion piece published in The BMJ discusses the importance of language as a way of respecting women's views and ensuring that they are empowered to make decisions around their pregnancy and birth. Characteristics of young people who are long-term NEET (Department for Education) This report includes analysis of the characteristics of young people who were not in education, employment or training (NEET) for a year, 3 years after completing key stage 4 in the 2010 to 2011 academic year. Using digital technology to improve the public's health: a guide for local authorities. A guide for local authorities (Local Government Association) Digital public health is about so much more than apps and social media. Up and down the country councils have been working with their partners – both public and private – to innovate and pilot new ways of working. This report reflects a snapshot of what is going on. Examples include: Kirklees Council and the local Healthwatch organisation have worked together on a social media-based stop smoking campaign; Hull and Wakefield have used PHE's online SHAPE tool to work out how best to invest money in dental services to help tackle inequalities in children's oral health. The failure of anti-obesity programmes in schools: Null results are important, and a strong signal to try something else (BMJ) This BMJ editorial looks at the results of the research Effectiveness of a childhood obesity prevention programme delivered through schools, targeting 6 and 7 year olds: cluster randomised controlled trial (WAVES study) [see below for BMJ article in research section]. Public health and upholding the law (Public Health England) This blog post explains how Public Health England (PHE) and partners have launched a consensus statement Policing, Health and Social Care: working together to protect and prevent harm to vulnerable people. It recognises the complex links between social deprivation, poor mental and physical health, social isolation, health inequalities and contact with the criminal justice system. This is in terms of being a victim of crime, committing a crime or – in some cases – both. The consensus statement commits PHE and partners to using their shared capabilities and resources more effectively to better serve these communities. The agreement includes: To enable the police service, public health teams and other partners to work better together to support families enrolled in the troubled families programme, domestic abuse victims, children subject to child protection plans and the management of sexual and violent offenders and those with complex dependencies such as drugs, alcohol or mental health. Eligibility for free school meals, the early years pupil premium and the free early education entitlement for two-year-olds under Universal Credit. Government consultation response (Department for Education) Summary of responses received to a recent consultation, along with the government's response outlining the next steps. 'Free school meals and the early years pupil premium under Universal Credit: equality analysis' is also available. There is also a news story Government responds to consultation on disadvantage support. A comparative view of children's subjective well-being: Findings from the second wave of the International Survey of Children's Well-Being project (Children and Youth Services Review) The papers of this special issue Children and Youth Services Review are all part of the Children's Worlds: International Survey of Children's Well-Being (ISCWeB) project . Children's Worlds is the first worldwide research project on children's subjective well-being. The project is based on the idea that one of the most important factors in assessing whether a particular environment is conducive to children attaining their best potential is the perception of their own sense of well-being. Thus, the survey is based solely on the children's own evaluations, perception and aspirations. In addition, unlike other efforts, the survey focuses on subjective well-being in mid-childhood that is from the age of 8 to 12 years. Further child and maternal health data can be found on Public Health England's Fingertips tool. The child and maternal health section brings together a range of publicly available data, information, tools and resources. Find guidance on using these statistics and other intelligence resources to help you make decisions about the planning and provision of child and maternal health services on.GOV.UK. Mental health services monthly statistics: Final November, provisional December 2017 (NHS Digital) The scope has been broadened to include children and young people's mental health services and restructured to support waiting time measurement for specific services. This month includes the report on final data for September. Latest screening KPI data and other updates (Public Health England) This blog post updates you on the latest key performance indicators (KPIs) which measure how the NHS screening programmes are performing and aim to give a high level overview of programme quality. This data publication includes the PHE Screening KPI data for the second quarter of 2017 to 2018 (Q2, 1 July to 30 September 2017) and includes infectious diseases in pregnancy screening and newborn blood spot screening. Community services statistics for children, young people and adults, England - October 2017. Experimental statistics (NHS Digital) This is a patient-level dataset providing information relating to NHS-funded community services. These services can include health centres, schools and mental health trusts. The data collected includes personal and demographic information, diagnoses including long-term conditions and childhood disabilities and care events plus screening activities. Youth custody data December 2017 (Ministry of Justice) Monthly statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure children's homes, secure training centres and young offender institutions. Children and young people with an eating disorder access and waiting times experimental statistics, Q3 2017/18 (NHS England) Information on the number of children and young people with an eating disorder who have accessed, or are waiting for NICE-approved treatment. The data collection is an interim aggregate experimental data collection which will run until data of sufficient quality are available from the Mental Health Services dataset (MHSDS). Personal tax credits: children in low-income families local measure. Snapshot as at 31 August 2015 (HM Revenue & Customs and Department for Work and Pensions) The Children in low-income families local measure shows the proportion of children living in families in receipt of out-of-work (means-tested) benefits or in receipt of tax credits where their reported income is less than 60% of UK median income. Maternity services monthly statistics, September 2017, experimental statistics (NHS Digital) September 2017 monthly publication of experimental statistics from the new Maternity Services Data set. Statistics on drug misuse, England 2018 (NHS Digital) Presents a range of information on drug use by adults and children drawn together from a variety of sources. The full versions of some of these resources may only be available with a paid subscription. Contact your local library service or Athens account administrator to see if you are able to access them through your organisation. Protective factors for social-emotional well-being of refugee children in the first three years of settlement in Australia (Archives of Disease in Childhood) Aim: This longitudinal study investigated protective factors for social-emotional well-being in refugee children in Australia. The majority of irregular menstrual cycles in adolescence are ovulatory: results of a prospective study (Archives of Disease in Childhood) Purpose: While ovulation is most likely to occur in adolescent girls with regular menstrual cycles, there are limited data on the incidence of ovulation in girls with irregular menstrual cycles in early postmenarcheal years. The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of ovulation in healthy postmenarcheal girls with irregular menstrual cycles. Burden of child and adolescent obesity on health services in England (Archives of Disease in Childhood) Objective: To assess the numbers of obese children and young people (CYP) eligible for assessment and management at each stage of the childhood obesity pathway in England. Identification of health risk behaviours among adolescent refugees resettling in Western Australia (Archives of Disease in Childhood) Objective: Adolescent refugees encounter traumatic stressors and are at risk of developing psychosocial health problems; limited research data exist internationally. This study aims to identify health risk behaviours among adolescent refugees resettling in Western Australia and assess the feasibility of using a standardised adolescent health questionnaire for this purpose. Associations between adolescent risk for restrictive disordered eating and long-term outcomes related to somatic symptoms, body mass index, and poor well-being (British Journal of Health Psychology) Objective: To date, no longitudinal, community-based studies have examined the association between disordered eating emerging in adolescence and long-term physical well-being. This study sought to explore the longitudinal associations between risk for restrictive disordered eating (DE-R; those not presenting with binge–purge symptoms) in adolescence and trajectories of functional somatic symptoms (FSS) and body mass index (BMI), and several indicators of poor physical well-being across early- to mid-adulthood, including medication, number of doctor visits, and sick leave. Infant mortality due to unintentional suffocation among infants younger than 1 year (JAMA Pediatics) Background: Unintentional suffocation is largely preventable, but it caused 87% of deaths due to unintentional injury among children younger than 12 months in the United States in 2015. During the past 2 decades, substantial public and private efforts have been devoted to preventing mortality from infant suffocation, especially through safer sleeping. Based on recently updated data, this study examined mortality from unintentional suffocation from 1999 to 2015 in the United States among infants younger than 1 year. Obesity and caries in four-to-six year old English children: a cross-sectional study (BMC Public Health) Background: Obesity and caries are common conditions in childhood and can have significant implications on children's wellbeing. Evidence into their association remains conflicting. Furthermore, studies examining the association between obesity and caries commonly focus on individual-level determinants. The present study aimed to examine the association between obesity and caries in young English children and to determine the impact of deprivation and area-level characteristics on the distribution of the two conditions. Impact of degree of obesity on sleep, quality of life, and depression in youth (Journal of Pediatric Health Care) Objective: Obese youth are more likely to report difficulties with sleep, depression, and quality of life (QOL). This study aims to characterize sleep problems, QOL, and symptoms of depression by degree of obesity. Correlates of self-harm and suicide attempts in justice-involved young people (PLOS ONE) The purpose of this study was to ascertain the prevalence and correlates of self-harm among young people in detention in Australia. Longitudinal relations between behavioral inhibition and social information processing: Moderating role of maternal supportive reactions to children's emotions (Social Development) Background: Utilizing multiple measures of interpretive biases, the current study examined the roles of toddlers' behavioral inhibition (BI) and maternal supportive reactions to children's negative emotions in relation to children's interpretive biases across middle to late childhood. Vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits in school‐age children and adolescents (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Background: Although the benefits of vision screening seem intuitive, the value of such programmes in junior and senior schools has been questioned. In addition there exists a lack of clarity regarding the optimum age for screening and frequency at which to carry out screening. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of vision screening programmes carried out in schools to reduce the prevalence of correctable visual acuity deficits due to refractive error in school-age children. Effects of total fat intake on bodyweight in children (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Background: As part of efforts to prevent childhood overweight and obesity, we need to understand the relationship between total fat intake and body fatness in generally healthy children. Objectives: To assess the effects of total fat intake on measures of weight and body fatness in children and young people not aiming to lose weight. Quality-improvement effort to reduce hypothermia among high-risk infants on a mother-infant unit (Pediatrics) Background: Neonatal hypothermia is common in low birth weight (LBW) (<2500 g) and late-preterm infants (LPIs) (34 0/7–36 6/7 weeks' gestation). It can be a contributory factor for newborn admission to a NICU, resulting in maternal-infant separation and increased resource use. Objective: To study the efficacy of a quality-improvement bundle of hypothermia preventive measures for LPIs and/or LBW infants in a mother-infant unit. The comparison of perceived health-related quality of life between Australian children with severe specific language impairment to age and gender-matched peers (BMC Pediatrics) Background: Children with specific language impairment often present with multiple comorbidities, which may adversely affect both participation in play and academic performance, potentially impacting a child's health-related quality of life. This study 1) explored the suitability of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ Version 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL™) for use with a typically developing Australian control group, and 2) compared the health-related quality of life between a control group and Australian children with severe specific language impairment. Gender-related differences in cardiometabolic risk factors and lifestyle behaviors in treatment-seeking adolescents with severe obesity (BMC Pediatrics) Background: Obesity during adolescence is associated with cardiovascular mortality in adulthood. The adverse obesity-related cardiometabolic risk profile is already observed in adolescence. Researchers aimed to examine possible gender differences in cardiometabolic risk factors and lifestyle behaviors among adolescents with severe obesity, hypothesizing that boys would have both a higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome as well as less healthy lifestyle behaviors than girls. Care associated with stillbirth for the most disadvantaged women: A multi-method study of care in England (Birth) Background: Most research on women experiencing stillbirth relies on online user group surveys or qualitative interviews. The objective of this study was to investigate the experience of women who are at a higher risk of stillbirth, living in areas of greatest deprivation, and are commonly not well represented. Trajectory of vitamin D status during pregnancy in relation to neonatal birth size and fetal survival: a prospective cohort study (BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth) Background: This study investigated the associations between vitamin D status in early and late pregnancy with neonatal small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW) and preterm delivery. Furthermore, associations between vitamin D status and pregnancy loss were studied. Interventions to prevent hypothermia at birth in preterm and/or low birth weight infants (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Background: Newborn admission temperature is a strong predictor of outcomes across all gestations. Hypothermia immediately after birth remains a worldwide issue and, if prolonged, is associated with harm. Keeping preterm infants warm is difficult even when recommended routine thermal care guidelines are followed in the delivery room. Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of interventions designed for prevention of hypothermia in preterm and/or low birth weight infants applied within 10 minutes after birth in the delivery room, compared with routine thermal care or any other single/combination of intervention(s) also designed for prevention of hypothermia in preterm and/or low birth weight infants applied within 10 minutes after birth in the delivery room. Adolescent sexual risk-reduction intervention with alcohol and cannabis content (JAMA Pediatrics) Importance: Adolescents in the juvenile justice system are at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Concurrent use of alcohol and cannabis increase this risk. Objective: To determine whether a theory-based sexual risk-reduction intervention that included alcohol- and cannabis-focused content resulted in greater reductions in STIs than an intervention that included alcohol-related content only and an intervention that did not include substance use content. Practical tools to support adolescent substance abuse prevention in primary care: a multi-site randomized controlled trial of computer-facilitated screening and provider brief advice in the medical office (Journal of Adolescent Health) Purpose: Substance use (SU) can harm the developing adolescent brain, making delaying its initiation or decreasing its frequency among youth an important public health goal. National guidelines recommend primary care providers screen all adolescents for SU and give brief advice, but studies show that adherence to this recommendation is suboptimal. Often cited barriers to screening include lack of time and training. To ameliorate these barriers, researchers developed a computer-facilitated Screening and Brief Advice (cSBA) system consisting of computerized pre-visit screening and psychoeducation for patients, and point-of-care decision support and advice guidance for providers. The study tested the system's effects, compared to treatment as usual (TAU), on adolescent receipt of provider advice to avoid SU, and on SU prevention during a 12-month follow-up, as indicated by time to first substance use post-visit. A multi-component school environment intervention reduces bullying and risky behaviour and improves mental health and quality of life: findings from the INCLUSIVE cluster randomized controlled trial (Journal of Adolescent Health) Purpose: Antisocial behaviours among youth are a public health priority because of their high prevalence and harmful effects. Bullying and anti-social behaviour are associated with worse physical and mental health and poorer educational attainment. School environment interventions targeting antisocial behaviours may be an efficient way to address multiple health harms in adolescence. The INCLUSIVE intervention extends previous school environment trials by including a "restorative practice" approach, increasingly popular but never before subject to an RCT in schools. This trial assessed the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of INCLUSIVE to reduce bullying, aggressive behaviour and improve health-related behaviours. Comparison of an in-person vs. ehealth mindfulness meditation-based intervention for adolescents with chronic medical conditions: a mixed methods study (Journal of Adolescent Health) Purpose: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been shown to have positive impacts on mental health and well-being for adolescents living with chronic health conditions. However, many teens with chronic illnesses experience barriers such as pain, reduced mobility and distance making it difficult to attend mindfulness programs in person and compromising accessibility. The aim of this study was to compare the acceptability and effectiveness of a MBI for adolescents with chronic illnesses delivered in person vs. electronically. Effects of a pilot randomized controlled trial of a web-based human papillomavirus vaccination intervention for young gay and bisexual men: the Outsmart HPV project (Journal of Adolescent Health) Purpose: Effective interventions to promote human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination are needed, particularly among populations at greater risk of HPV-related disease. Gay and bisexual men have high rates of HPV infection and HPV-related disease, such as anal cancer, yet vaccination among young gay and bisexual men (YGBM) remains far below national guidelines. Researchers developed and pilot tested a web-based intervention, Outsmart HPV, to promote HPV vaccination among YGBM. A game-based intervention for adolescent meningitis prevention: infection city (Journal of Adolescent Health) Purpose: This study explores the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a game-based and classroom curriculum intervention about meningococcal disease and vaccination. The study assessed self-reported meningococcal disease awareness, knowledge, perceived risk, and willingness to get a meningococcal vaccine pre- and post- intervention among a sample of urban Chicago high school students. Cost-effectiveness of alternative HIV screening strategies for young men who have sex with men in the United States (Journal of Adolescent Health) Purpose: Of new HIV diagnoses among adolescent and young adults in the US, 81% occur among young men who have sex with men (YMSM). National and professional organization recommendations for HIV screening in this population vary from every 3-6 months to every 3-5 years. Using data from Adolescent Medicine Trials Network (ATN) studies 110 and 113 of high-risk US YMSM ages 15-22, this study examined the clinical impact, cost, and cost-effectiveness of alternative HIV screening strategies for YMSM at high-risk for HIV starting at age 15. Targeting, universalism and child poverty in Hong Kong (Child Indicators Research) Concerns about the long-term effects of child poverty on individuals and society have been increasing. Urgent action needs to be taken to combat child poverty, but what is the best strategy likely to be? The relative effectiveness of means-tested versus universal schemes for poverty alleviation strategies has long been debated. Key differences include screening costs, targeting errors, incentive gaps and issues of financial sustainability. This article explores and compares the extent to which the Hong Kong SAR Government's current means-tested Comprehensive Social Security Assistance (CSSA) scheme and alternative simulated means-tested and universal schemes could alleviate child poverty and income inequality. Disparities in injury morbidity among young adults in the USA: individual and contextual determinants (Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health) Background: Injuries have been recognised as important public health concerns, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Few studies have examined injuries using a multilevel perspective that addresses individual socioeconomic status (SES) and health behaviours and local socioeconomic conditions in early adolescence. Researchers offer a conceptual framework incorporating these various components. Context or composition: How does neighbourhood deprivation impact upon adolescent smoking behaviour? (PLOS ONE) Neighbourhood effects studies have demonstrated an association between area deprivation and smoking behaviour whereby people living in deprived neighbourhoods are more likely to smoke than those in non-deprived neighbourhoods. This evidence though is based largely upon data that ignores long term exposures to neighbourhood contexts and is confounded by neighbourhood selection bias. In this study, the authors investigate the temporal ordering of exposure to neighbourhood deprivation throughout childhood and whether associations between neighbourhood deprivation and cigarette smoking are due to compositional or contextual neighbourhood effects. Findings highlight the importance of considering longitudinal exposure to neighbourhood deprivation over cross sectional exposure. In conclusion, the authors find that it is the family rather than the neighbourhood into which a child is born that determines their smoking behaviour. Neonatal outcomes in the birth center setting: a systematic review (Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health) This systematic review investigates the effect of the birth center setting on neonatal mortality in economically developed countries to aid women and clinicians in decision making. Discussion: There are substantial flaws in the literature concerning the effect of birth center care on neonatal outcomes. More research is needed on subgroups at risk of poor outcomes in the birth center environment. To expedite research, consistent use of national and international definitions of perinatal and neonatal mortality within data registries and greater detail on adverse outcomes would be beneficial. Teenage pregnancy and mental health beyond the postpartum period: a systematic review (Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health) Teenage mothers are at increased risk for adverse social outcomes and short-term health problems, but long-term impacts on mental health are poorly understood. The aims of this systematic review were to determine the association between teenage pregnancy and mental health beyond the postpartum period, critically appraise the literature's quality and guide future research. The review concluded that association between teenage pregnancy and mental health beyond the postpartum period remains unclear. Future studies should employ age–period–cohort frameworks to disentangle effects of normative patterns and stress accumulation. Social factors are important in determining long-term mental health of teenage mothers and should be prioritised in prevention and intervention strategies. Health and care utilization of transgender and gender nonconforming youth: a population-based study (Pediatrics) Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) adolescents are significantly affected by mental health disparities and have difficulty accessing and receiving health care compared with cisgender youth. Previous research in this field is limited by reliance on small, nonrepresentative, and adult samples. This study found that TGNC adolescents reported poorer health, fewer health checkups, and more nurse visits than their cisgender peers. TGNC adolescents whose gender expression strongly matched their birth-assigned sex had better health and fewer long-term mental health problems compared with other gender presentations. The authors suggest that health care providers should screen for health risks and identify barriers to care for TGNC youth while promoting and bolstering wellness within this community. Effectiveness of a childhood obesity prevention programme delivered through schools, targeting 6 and 7 year olds: cluster randomised controlled trial (WAVES study) (BMJ) The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a school and family based healthy lifestyle programme (WAVES intervention) compared with usual practice, in preventing childhood obesity. The primary analyses suggest that this experiential focused intervention had no statistically significant effect on BMI z score or on preventing childhood obesity. Schools are unlikely to impact on the childhood obesity epidemic by incorporating such interventions without wider support across multiple sectors and environments. Included in a response to these findings from the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH), the Officer for Health Promotion said, 'This study is disappointing but it only suggests this particular school-based intervention didn't have the positive results we'd have hoped for. That doesn't mean we should stop developing interventions in schools, nor does it mean that all schools interventions won't be successful. Schools are a key place of action on childhood obesity. But it does confirm what we already know - that programmes in schools will not on their own combat childhood obesity. The effect of Baby-friendly status on exclusive breastfeeding in U.S. hospitals (Maternal & Child Nutrition) In 2014, a leading hospital accreditation agency, mandated hospitals publicly report their exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates. This new regulation provided an opportunity to explore differences in EBF outcomes using a standardized definition across a large hospital sample in the United States. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between population demographics and the Baby-friendly (BF) hospital designation on EBF rates in hospitals throughout the United States. The study found that the BF hospital designation was associated with significantly higher EBF rates independent of demographic variables. Support for hospitals to attain the BF hospital designation is a meaningful public health goal. Parental perspectives of the impact of epilepsy and seizures on siblings of children with epilepsy (Journal of Pediatric Health Care) This study aimed to assess parental perspectives of the impact of epilepsy and seizures on siblings of children in the Seizures and Outcomes Study. The study found that some siblings of children with epilepsy are at risk for psychosocial problems. Primary and specialty care providers are well positioned to identify and monitor these children through evaluations and referrals as necessary. The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative and the ten steps for successful breastfeeding: a critical review of the literature (Journal of Perinatology) This study aims to make a critical evaluation of the current Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative and the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding recommendations in consideration of the importance of providing an evidence-based breastfeeding supported environment for mothers and infants. Austerity, rationing and inequity: trends in children's and young peoples' services expenditure in England between 2010 and 2015 (Local Government Studies) This article investigates local authority trends in expenditure on Children's and Young Peoples' services in England between 2010 and 2015, a period of government characterised by measures of fiscal austerity. The authors find that although some kinds of children's and young peoples' services expenditure have been largely maintained during this period, preventive family support and early intervention services (such as Sure Start Children's centres) have seen substantial reductions in expenditure, in contrast to the dominant narrative that children's services have been protected. Local authorities in the most deprived tertile have faced the greatest cuts, mirroring other research findings on the distribution of austerity measures. The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) has responded to a BBC news article relating to this research, Poorest areas face biggest cuts to children's services.
| 
Posts
No comments:
Post a Comment